THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY OF HEART MURMURS PART I. APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE

Digital Subtraction Phonocardiography (DSP) applied to the detection and characterization of heart murmurs

BACKGROUND During the cardiac cycle, the heart normally produces repeatable physiological sounds. However, under pathologic conditions, such as with heart valve stenosis or a ventricular septal defect, blood flow turbulence leads to the production of additional sounds, called murmurs. Murmurs are random in nature, while the underlying heart sounds are not (being deterministic). INNOVATION We ...

A color spectrographic phonocardiography (CSP) applied to the detection and characterization of heart murmurs: preliminary results

BACKGROUND Although cardiac auscultation remains important to detect abnormal sounds and murmurs indicative of cardiac pathology, the application of electronic methods remains seldom used in everyday clinical practice. In this report we provide preliminary data showing how the phonocardiogram can be analyzed using color spectrographic techniques and discuss how such information may be of future...

An Effiecient Modeling Technique for Heart Sounds and Murmurs

Cardiac auscultation is highly subjective and a cognitive process and the amount information that can be obtained by listening heart sounds largely depends on the expertise, experience and acuity of the ear of the physician. In general, the classification and interpretation of heart sounds and murmurs is based on a adjective 0-6/6 grade scale and described by using “faint”, “soft”, “loud”, “ hi...

Heart murmurs.

Heart murmurs.

to this article. Introduction Heart murmurs are heard commonly in infants, children, and adolescents. Approximately 50% to 70% of individuals seen for school or sports preparticipation examinations have a heart murmur. Indeed, a murmur is heard in most children at one or more of their examinations. Because most murmurs are innocent (ie, normal), it is important to differentiate those that are a...